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Clockworks
Spring 1978, $2.50
concept that will revolutionize the hardwood
lumber industry.
m
Now, after all the extensive research, after all the painful trial
and error testing of product kno'vledge� selling techniques� manage­
ment procedures� inventory control� mass purchasing methods and
other aspects of store management� we are ready to share the benefits
of our knowledge with a few selected individuals. After pioneering the
concept of small� multiple outlet hardwood stores� we are proud to an­
nounce that we will be franchising some existing company-owned out­
lets and will be taking applications for outlets in other cities.
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All over the country awarcness of the beauty, prestige, and value of hardwoods is on the upswing. No company in the
world is in a better position to develop this market than Austin Hardwoods. This is a stimulating and glamorous busi­
ness. It is also a very profitable business. Until now, however, it has been a somewhat "closed" industry to the average
pcrson. Good sawmills both here and abroad are very reluctant to sell to newcomers. Under our newly developed
plan, unique to the industry, you will benefit from being associated with the already established "Austin Hardwoods"
name, experience and contacts.
We have developed a proven success
formula in our company-owned stores
which will
enable you to successfully combine volume commercial sales with profitable retail sales to woodworkers.
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With a franchise arrangement you will havc a constant supply of both the inventory and the guidance to be success­
ful. Statistics show the failure rate of all businesses within one year of opening as
38%.
The rate for the same period
with franchises is
3%.
Yet, under a franchise agreement you are your own boss. Further, our projections indicate your
investment should be recovered within the first
18-24
months. Investments will vary depending on market conditions
of the location,
but will be in the
$25,000
range. A very large
population area will, of course,
require more inventory
than a small one.
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To sum up, this is what we offer the ambitious person who desires his own business in this exciting industry:
(6) Our supervisor will help in lease assistance, opening
store and initial contacting of commercial accounts.
(7)
You receive benefits of volume buying.
(8)
You receive henefits of cooperative advertising.
(9) You comlllence YOllr business with a nationally known
name.
(10) You receive benefits of "interplay" between family
stores.
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Other details are too numerous to list. This is a tremendous opportunity to make money either as an owner/operator
or as an investor.
If
you happen to love dealing in fine woods,
all
the better. Please let us hear from you.
D;;'
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P.O. Box 3096
AUStill, Texas 78764
For
5
years, Austin Hardwoods has worked on a
(1) You gain the benefits of
expensively acquired years
of knowledge.
(2)
You ben
e
fi
t
from our success formula.
(3) You benefit from continuing gUidance.
(4)
You are equiJ!ped with sales tools and admillistrati;e
procedures proven for maximum results.
(5)
You are trained at our Dallas store for
4
lceeks, indoc­
trinating you in every aspect of the business.
Publisher
Paul Roman
Editor
John Kelsey
Contributing Editors
Tage Frid
R. Bruce Hoadley
,
Alastair A. Stair
Consulting Editors
George Frank, A. W. Marlow
Correspondents
South: David Landen
West: Alan Marks
Texas: Jim Richey
New England: Rosanne Somerson
Washin
g
ton,
D.
c.:
Stanley N. Wellborn
England:
John Makepeace, Colin Tipping
Editoial Assistants
Ruth Dobsevage, Barbara Hannah
Nancy Knapp, JoAnn Muir
Art Director
Roger Banes
Ilustrators
Joe Esposito, Stan Tkaczuk
Advertising
Janice A. Roman, Manager
Lois Beck
Advertising Representative
Granville M. Fillmore
5ubscnptions
Carole E. Ando, Manager
Gloria Carson, Sandra DiGiovanni
Vivian Dorman, Viney Merrill
Business Manager
Irene Arfaras
Fine
Qi
ng
Spring 1978, Number 10
DEPARTMENTS
4 letters
12
Methods of Work
27 Questions
&
Answers
32
Books
40
Events
Addenda, Errata
42 The Woodcraft Scene
by John Kelsey: Two new schools
87
Sources of Supply:
Woodworking periodicals
ARILES
4
Wooden Clockworks
by John R. lord: Design, construction require care
5
2
Hammer Veneering
by Tage Frid: Veneer the world, without clamps
55
Claw and Ball Feet
by Alastair A. Stair: Where they came from
5
8
Ball and Claw Feet by A. W. Marlow: How to carve them
60
Block-Front Transformed
by Morris J. Sheppard: An 18th-century theme
62
Hot-Pipe Bending
by William R. Cumpiano: Practice ensures success
66
Furniture Galleries:
Several recent shows
69
A Two-Way Hinge
by Tim Mackaness: Careful routing makes screen fo ld
70
laminated Turnings by Garth F. Graves: Woodenware from rings, staves
73 Compound-Angled Staves
74
Rings from Wedges
by Asaph G. Waterman
75
Staved Cones
by Thomas Webb: The general mathematics
76
Chain-Saw Carving
byJon Brooks and Howard Werner
80
Circular Saws
by Eugene Roth: How to keep them sharp and running true
84
louvered Doors
by William F. Reynolds: Router jig cuts slots
86 Small Workbench
by R. Bruce Hoadley: A simple and versatile design
88
Bent Wood
Cover: Back view of walnut and osewood
clockworks, disassembled above, made by
John Gaughan of Los Angeles. To cut the
wheel teeth, Gaughan fastem the blank to a
master gear with the corect number of
teeth and mounts it on the headstock of a
lathe. A router travels on a track paralel to
the ways and a pin on its base indexes with
the master gear. He removes the waste in
several passes, with a special bit gound to
the shape of the space between the teeth.
He also routs the escape whee, using an
aluminum patten bolted to the bottom of
the blank and a pattem-folowing bit. More
about Gaughan 's clock on page 40; more
about wooden clockworks on page 44.
Fine Woodworking
is published quarterly, March,June, September, and December, by The
Taunton Press, Inc., Newtown, CT 06470, Telephone (203) 426-8171. Second-class
postage paid at Newtown, CT 06470 and additional mailing offices. Postal Service Publica­
tion Number 105190. Copyright 1978 by The Taunton Press, Inc. No reproduction without
permission of The Taunton Press, Inc. ISSN 0361-3453.
5ubscnption rates:
United States
and possessions, $9.00 for one year, $16.00 for twO years, $23.00 for three years; Canadian
and overseas rare (in U.S. funds, please), $10.00 for one year, 18.00 for two years, $26.00
for three years. Single copy, $2.50. Address all
corespondence
to the appropriate depart­
ment (Subscription, Editorial or Advertising), The Taunton Press, 52 Church Hill Road, PO
Box 355,
Newtown, CT 06470.
Postmaster:
Send notice
of undelivered copies on form 3579
to The Taunton Press, PO Box 355, Newtown, CT 06470.
3
39
___________________
Timothy Philbrick's article, "Tall Chests" (Winter
'77,
p. 39) , directs attention to a very important aspect ofdesign­
ing. He seems to suggest that the high degree of excellence
fo und in 18th-century furniture design was due to the en­
lightened pursuance of carefully established rules rather than
to the inherent instincts ofthose whose work we still regard so
highly today. His reasoning has considerable merit, but I
think the generalization too broad.
I believe that the production of many outstanding ex­
amples of fine work during this period was due to a number
of other causes as well. One of these was that many otherwise
skilled craftsmen had the ability to recognize quality when
they saw it, but were more adept at adapting the good ideas
of a very small number of more qualified originators of good
designs than they were at creating their own.
The great similarity of certain categories of fu rniture of this
period strongly supports my view, even though some style
characteristics now attributed to certain individuals help
identify them as the probable makers.
Most journeyman cabinetmakers, because of the rigid re­
quirements of the apprenticeship system, were thoroughly
grounded in the basic principles of good craftsmanship. This
was required of them in order to achieve journeyman status.
Such rigid training, and constant practice over rather long
periods of time, enabled them to separate the grain from the
chaf, but I think that from the design standpoint, there were
many more copiers than innovators. I deduce this from the
fa ct that so few distinctly new style elements saw the light of
day during this long period of time, although there are any
number of close similarities.
Among the few innovations of distinctly American origin
were the block-front designs credited to the Goddards and
Townsends of Newport, R.I. Nor did this condition change
very much until quite recently with the advent of a new breed
of young contemporary designers, who often go to fan tastic
lengths to break away from traditional fo rms, and more often
than not, with but indifferent results.
Most craftsmen who still prefer to adhere to the traditional
concepts of our past are not innovators. Rather than risk mak­
ing grave mistakes, they elect to duplicate slavishly the work
of old masters, down to the minutest detail.
A fa irly recent and outspoken disciple ofadhering to tradi­
tional designs was Wallace Nutting. During the time I
worked at the urniture trade in his studio, he repeatedly told
me he couldn't plane a board, nor saw a straight line! I never
took him literally, for I knew he was making a point, but as
fa r as I know he never built a piece of fu rniture himself. He
was an ordained Congregational preacher, and until failing
health forced him to give up preaching at the age of 50, he
probably could not have distinguished one fu rniture style
from another. His great knowledge, his books, lectures, pic­
tures, and the fine furniture he produced, were all the pro­
ducts of the last 30 years of a busy and fru itful life. He was
richly endowed with an instinctive sense of good de­
sign....Furthermore, he strongly implied that anyone who
laid claim to the title offurniture designer was masquerading
under false pretenses, that such a person only copied.
On this point he and I often disagreed, and seeking to
The
�rice
is right
.
4/
4
8/4
5/4
12/4
16
/
4
$1.30
bdft
$1.35bdfL $1.62bdfL $2.95bdfL $3.75bdft
ASH
3.90
4.
00
5.30
TEAK
8.70
9.70
10.70
BLACK EBONY
8.50
9.50
10.50
MACASSAR (stripped) EBONY
5.00
5.25
6.00
EAST INDIAN ROSEWOOD
1.35
1.45
1.90
2.50
4.60
WHITE OAK
1.30
1.40
1.85
2.45
4.55
RED OAK
2.50
2.70
2.95
AMERICAN WALNUT
3.75
4.75
SUGAR PINE
4.50
5.00
CHERRY
LIGNUM VITAE BOARDS
$10.00
each.
y�
x
6
x
24
(approxl.
5
board min.
10
board max.
TERMS. Minimum per species,
50
bd ft by the board measure. Maximum per species,
00
bd ft by the board measure
(except lignum vitae boards). All FAS kiln dJied. All available for shipment on May
I,
1978.
Net payment required with
order. We ship freight collect. Sale ends
Jul
y
I,
1978.
CUSTOM DRYING SERVICE AVILABLE.
Call or write for details.
John Hara
39 West 19 S, New York, NY 10011
Co
Wooo &
Supply
3!78FW
•
212/741 0290
4
ETTERS
LETTERS (continue)
prove my position had at least as much merit as his was a ma­
jor factor inducing me to embark on fu rther study and re­
search. This eventually led to my collecting data fo r the fo rm­
ulation of workable rules designed to improve the capabilities
of workers in wood, metal, and other crafts, all of which are
to be found in two of my books
(How to Design Peiod Funi­
ture
and
Design for the Craftsman).
The only copies of these now available are in private hands
and libraries, but the useful­
ness of my indings is attes­
ted to, I think, by the fact
that both books were reis­
sued many times before fi ­
nally going out ofprint.
One pitfall designers
should seek to avoid is the
fo rmulation of rules, ratios,
and relationships that too
narrowly restrict their course
of action. I am not particu­
larly intrigued, as Mr. Phil­
brick seems to be, by his dis­
covery that the width,
length, and leg size of a par­
ticular piece of fu rniture
happen to divide themselves
into a certain number of
modules of equal size. I
think more often than not
this is chance, or was done fo r the sake of convenience rather
than fo r esthetic considerations. His discovery that the leg
limits have the same ratio of length to width as the classic
Corinthian column seems a bit far-fetched, since there is a
considerable discrepancy in the mass content of the elements
he compares. As he himself reminds us, "One can easily fall
into the error of finding those ratios one sets out to find."
However, Mr. Philbrick is on the right track and has done a
creditable job of bringing to the attention of his readers some
matters of considerable importance. I hope to see more of this
from him.
PORCELAIN CASTERS
Add a touch of elegance with fine quality,
decorative white PORCELAIN CAST·
ERS with black die cast housings.
Wheels are 1/2" wide x 1 1/8" in diameter.
Ideal for small furniture, dry sinks, tables,
carts, and antiques.
Set of 4 ................. .
Tal chest designed by Gottshal.
BATTERY OPERATED
CLOCK MOVEMENT
Cordless electric battery move·
ment has trim medium impact
transparent plastic case. Oper·
ates for 1 year on an ordinary size
HC" cell flashlight battery. Center
fixation. Hand setting
from fronfor rear.
Includes hands. Unit is
2 3/8" wide x 3 1/4"
high x 1 3/16" deep.
ea.
ppd
$10.95
CHECKERBOARD
FACE KITS
With this kit you are able tomake
a beautiful chess board. Includes
70·2 1/8" squares of light and dark
veneers. Also included in the kit is
a 1/2 pI. can of contact cement, a
veneer roller, glue brush, veneer
strips for the border and edges
and complete instructions.
$6.95
ppd.
.
-Frankin
.
Gottshall, Boyertown, Pa.
_
Best catalog· manual
... a must for your workshop!
Concerning "Repair and Restoration," (Winter '77,
p. 32) author Preiss reports the use of benzol (benzene) inthe
finish remover that Messrs. Ek and Tucker use....Benzene is
an extremely hazardous substance. Refer to Michael Mc­
Cann's
Health Hazards Manual for Artists:
"It destroys the
bone marrow which fo rms red and white blood cells and is
even known to cause leukemia in Some people." In our furni­
ture conservation laboratory benzene is used with extreme
care, and always under a fu me hood with no skin contact ...
-Richard O. Byne, Quebec, Que.
-
-
-
-SATISFAC
TION
100%
GU
ARANTEED!
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-
,
Please rush me
. $1.00 separately
_________________
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___________________
_______
Casters (set of 4) @ $7.98 ea. ppd.
___
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Clock @ $10.95 ea. ppd.
Nw
larger Catalog(s) @ $1.0 ea. ppd. (Free with order)
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Name
I
Address
...Benzene is quite toxic (a cumulative poison) and it has re­
cently been found to be a carcinogen
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City
nnesota
�
. ...Toluene is much
State
Zip
safer and nearly as efective.
-James
.
Cawse, S. Chaleston, W. Va.
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Wd workes
.
Supply Company
...I would like to pass on the fact that farriers' hoof-trim­
ming knives make excellent carving tools. There is a Swedish
brand, A. B. Frost, that may appeal to some carvers; however
I
Dept. 16SP 21801 Industrial Blvd., Rogers,
MN 55374
,-------------------�
5
_
_
116 pages. Full
color illustrations. Larger selection
of
superior quality items for the creative craftsman. Sent free
with order .
-
Checkerboard Kit @ $6.95 ppd.
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